The advent of quantum computing poses an unprecedented threat to secure communication, compromising confidentiality and integrity of sensitive information. Quantum computers can break many encryption algorithms currently in use, highlighting the need for new cryptographic protocols resistant to quantum attacks. Artificial intelligence plays a vital role in mitigating cyber threats by detecting anomalies, responding to incidents, predicting and preventing attacks, and improving critical infrastructure security. Quantum-resistant cryptography, such as lattice-based and code-based cryptography, offers potential solutions, while quantum key distribution protocols enable secure communication over insecure channels. However, significant advances are needed in theoretical and experimental research to develop practical and secure communication protocols.
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