Quantum computing faces significant challenges in scalability, noise reduction, error correction, control calibration, materials science, and software development. Current systems are limited by the number of qubits they can support, making it difficult to scale up quantum computers to tackle complex problems. Quantum algorithms also face limitations in terms of their applicability to real-world problems, with many proposed but few shown to be practically useful. Maintaining precise control over quantum systems is essential for reliable computation, but calibrating quantum gates is a complex task that requires careful optimization. Developing materials with the necessary properties for reliable quantum computation and practical software for quantum computers are also open problems.
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